{"id":1560,"date":"2025-05-29T16:53:39","date_gmt":"2025-05-29T14:53:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ujvilagtrend.hu\/?p=1560"},"modified":"2025-05-29T16:53:40","modified_gmt":"2025-05-29T14:53:40","slug":"tervek-es-celok-igy-mukodik-a-kinai-gazdasag","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ujvilagtrend.hu\/?p=1560","title":{"rendered":"Tervek \u00e9s c\u00e9lok: \u00cdgy m\u0171k\u00f6dik a k\u00ednai gazdas\u00e1g"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Potang faluba tartva Zseng Csangcsung a Fudan Egyetem professzora a k\u00ednai gazdas\u00e1g m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9nek alapelveir\u0151l tartott el\u0151ad\u00e1st a k\u00f6z\u00e9p- \u00e9s kelet-eur\u00f3pai \u00fajs\u00e1g\u00edr\u00f3knak.<\/strong> Azzal ind\u00edtott, hogy a k\u00ednai gondolkod\u00e1s m\u00e9ly\u00e9n \u0151si b\u00f6lcsess\u00e9g h\u00faz\u00f3dik: <em>\u201eAki tervez, sikerrel j\u00e1r; aki nem, elbukik.\u201d<\/em> A K\u00ednai N\u00e9pk\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g megalakul\u00e1sa ut\u00e1n, 1953-ban indult el az az \u00e1tfog\u00f3 gazdas\u00e1g- \u00e9s t\u00e1rsadalomtervez\u00e9s, amely m\u00e1ra <strong>a vil\u00e1g egyik leg\u00f6sszetettebb \u00e9s leghat\u00e9konyabb tervez\u00e9si rendszer\u00e9v\u00e9 n\u0151tte ki mag\u00e1t<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A k\u00ednai gazdas\u00e1g egyik alappill\u00e9re, hogy nem a pillanatnyi trendek, hanem hossz\u00fa t\u00e1v\u00fa c\u00e9lok szerint halad.<\/strong> Az orsz\u00e1gos szintt\u0151l a megyei szintig minden fejleszt\u00e9s egy nagy, \u00f6sszehangolt \u201ek\u00e9knyomat\u201d (blueprint) ment\u00e9n t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik, amely k\u00e9pes <strong>\u00f6sszehangolni az \u00e1llami, piaci \u00e9s t\u00e1rsadalmi er\u0151forr\u00e1sokat<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A k\u00ednai tervez\u00e9si rendszer n\u00e9gy pill\u00e9re<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. \u00c1tfog\u00f3 nemzeti tervek:<\/strong><br>Az \u00f6t\u00e9ves tervek \u2013 p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a jelenleg \u00e9rv\u00e9nyben l\u00e9v\u0151 <strong>14. \u00f6t\u00e9ves terv<\/strong> \u2013 a gazdas\u00e1g \u00e9s t\u00e1rsadalom legf\u0151bb c\u00e9ljait r\u00f6gz\u00edtik. Ezekben <strong>nemcsak gazdas\u00e1gi, hanem t\u00e1rsadalmi, k\u00f6rnyezeti \u00e9s region\u00e1lis priorit\u00e1sok<\/strong> is helyet kapnak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. T\u00e9rbeli tervez\u00e9s:<\/strong><br>Ez a f\u00f6ldhaszn\u00e1lat strat\u00e9giai eloszt\u00e1s\u00e1t jelenti: k\u00fcl\u00f6nv\u00e1lasztj\u00e1k az ipari, lak\u00f3- \u00e9s term\u00e9szetv\u00e9delmi ter\u00fcleteket. <strong>A gazdas\u00e1gi fejl\u0151d\u00e9s \u00f6kol\u00f3giai hat\u00e1sait jogi eszk\u00f6z\u00f6kkel igyekeznek korl\u00e1tok k\u00f6z\u00f6tt tartani.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Szakpolitikai tervek:<\/strong><br>Ipar\u00e1gank\u00e9nt vagy t\u00e1rsadalmi szektoronk\u00e9nt k\u00e9sz\u00fclnek \u2013 p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1gra, oktat\u00e1sra, technol\u00f3giai fejleszt\u00e9sre vonatkoz\u00f3an. Ezek biztos\u00edtj\u00e1k a r\u00e9szletek szintj\u00e9n is az \u00f6sszehangolt m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9st.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. Region\u00e1lis tervek:<\/strong><br>A t\u00e9rs\u00e9gi integr\u00e1ci\u00f3t seg\u00edtik, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a <strong>Jangce-delta integr\u00e1lt fejleszt\u00e9se<\/strong>, a <strong>Kuangtung\u2013Hongkong\u2013Makao Nagy\u00f6b\u00f6l-t\u00e9rs\u00e9g<\/strong>, vagy <strong>K\u00f6z\u00e9p-K\u00edna revitaliz\u00e1ci\u00f3ja<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A demokratikus \u00e9s tudom\u00e1nyos d\u00f6nt\u00e9shozatal<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zseng professzor hangs\u00falyozta, hogy a k\u00ednai tervez\u00e9s <strong>nem z\u00e1rt ajt\u00f3k m\u00f6g\u00f6tt zajlik<\/strong>. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a 14. \u00f6t\u00e9ves tervhez <strong>t\u00f6bb mint egymilli\u00f3 online javaslat \u00e9rkezett<\/strong>, amit szak\u00e9rt\u0151k \u00e9s a K\u00ednai Kommunista P\u00e1rt vezet\u00e9se k\u00f6z\u00f6sen \u00e9rt\u00e9kelt. <strong>A v\u00e9gs\u0151 tervet az Orsz\u00e1gos N\u00e9pi Gy\u0171l\u00e9s fogadja el, jogi er\u0151vel ruh\u00e1zva fel a c\u00e9lkit\u0171z\u00e9seket.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A vid\u00e9ki fejleszt\u00e9s nem k\u00fcl\u00f6n vil\u00e1g<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A professzor elmondta: a k\u00ednai gazdas\u00e1gi rendszer er\u0151ss\u00e9ge, hogy <strong>az orsz\u00e1g vid\u00e9ki t\u00e9rs\u00e9gei is bekapcsol\u00f3dnak az \u00e1tfog\u00f3 fejl\u0151d\u00e9sbe<\/strong>. A mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1gi moderniz\u00e1ci\u00f3, a k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si infrastrukt\u00fara \u00e9s a k\u00f6rnyezetv\u00e9delmi beruh\u00e1z\u00e1sok mind a k\u00f6z\u00f6s terv r\u00e9szei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A professzor p\u00e9ldak\u00e9nt eml\u00edtette <strong>Cs\u00f6csiang tartom\u00e1nyt<\/strong>, amelyet a k\u00f6zponti korm\u00e1ny <strong>a &#8222;k\u00f6z\u00f6s j\u00f3l\u00e9t&#8221; mintater\u00fclet\u00e9v\u00e9 nyilv\u00e1n\u00edtott<\/strong>. Az itt alkalmazott megold\u00e1sokat a j\u00f6v\u0151ben m\u00e1s r\u00e9gi\u00f3kban is alkalmazni fogj\u00e1k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">F\u00f3kuszban a min\u0151s\u00e9gi fejl\u0151d\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A 2021\u20132025 k\u00f6z\u00f6tti id\u0151szakra sz\u00f3l\u00f3 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.adb.org\/publications\/14th-five-year-plan-high-quality-development-prc\" title=\"\">14. \u00f6t\u00e9ves terv<\/a> legf\u0151bb c\u00e9lja a \u201emagas sz\u00ednvonal\u00fa fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u201d (high-quality development).<\/strong> Ez a terv m\u00e1r nem az ipari n\u00f6veked\u00e9s \u00f6nc\u00e9l\u00fas\u00e1g\u00e1ra, hanem <strong>az innov\u00e1ci\u00f3ra, a fogyaszt\u00e1svez\u00e9relt bels\u0151 gazdas\u00e1gra \u00e9s a k\u00f6rnyezetv\u00e9delemre<\/strong> helyezi a hangs\u00falyt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Kiemelt c\u00e9lok:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Kutat\u00e1s-fejleszt\u00e9s:<\/strong><br>\u00c9vi <strong>legal\u00e1bb 7%-kal n\u0151nek az R&amp;D kiad\u00e1sok<\/strong>, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen olyan ter\u00fcleteken, mint <strong>mesters\u00e9ges intelligencia, kvantumtechnol\u00f3gia, biotechnol\u00f3gia \u00e9s f\u00e9lvezet\u0151k<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fogyaszt\u00e1svez\u00e9relt belf\u00f6ldi gazdas\u00e1g:<\/strong><br>Az \u00fagynevezett <strong>kett\u0151s k\u00f6rforg\u00e1s (dual circulation)<\/strong> strat\u00e9gia a belf\u00f6ldi kereslet er\u0151s\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re, a fogyaszt\u00e1s \u00e9l\u00e9nk\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re \u00e9s a f\u00fcggetlen ipari l\u00e1ncok ki\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re \u00e9p\u00fcl. <strong>Ez biztos\u00edtotta a k\u00ednai gazdas\u00e1g \u00fct\u00e9s\u00e1ll\u00f3s\u00e1g\u00e1t<\/strong> akkor is, amikor 2025 tavasz\u00e1n a m\u00e1sodj\u00e1ra hivatalba l\u00e9p\u0151 <strong>Donald Trump ism\u00e9t v\u00e1mh\u00e1bor\u00fat ind\u00edtott<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Strat\u00e9giai \u00faj ipar\u00e1gak t\u00e9rnyer\u00e9se:<\/strong><br>C\u00e9l, hogy ezek \u2013 p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az <strong>elektromos j\u00e1rm\u0171vek, korszer\u0171 g\u00e9pgy\u00e1rt\u00e1s, \u00faj anyagok<\/strong> \u2013 ar\u00e1nya a GDP-n bel\u00fcl 2025-re <strong>11,5%-r\u00f3l legal\u00e1bb 17%-ra n\u0151j\u00f6n<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>K\u00f6rnyezeti mutat\u00f3k:<\/strong><br>K\u00edna v\u00e1llalta, hogy <strong>2030 el\u0151tt tet\u0151znek a sz\u00e9n-dioxid-kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1sok<\/strong>, \u00e9s 2060-ra el\u00e9ri a <strong>karbonsemlegess\u00e9get<\/strong>. Emellett <strong>a v\u00e1rosokban a tiszta leveg\u0151j\u0171 napok ar\u00e1nya 87,5%, az erd\u0151s\u00fclts\u00e9g 24,1%<\/strong> legyen 2025-re.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Zseng professzor el\u0151ad\u00e1sa vil\u00e1gosan megmutatta, hogy a k\u00ednai gazdas\u00e1g nem csup\u00e1n egy gyorsan n\u00f6vekv\u0151, hanem egy rendszerszinten \u00f6sszehangolt \u00e9s hossz\u00fa t\u00e1vra tervezett modell.<\/strong> A gazdas\u00e1gi stabilit\u00e1s m\u00f6g\u00f6tt nemcsak p\u00e9nz\u00fcgyi eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k, hanem egy m\u00e9lyen int\u00e9zm\u00e9nyes\u00edtett \u00e9s kult\u00farak\u00e9nt m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 tervez\u00e9si filoz\u00f3fia \u00e1ll.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Potang faluba tartva Zseng Csangcsung a Fudan Egyetem professzora a k\u00ednai gazdas\u00e1g m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9nek alapelveir\u0151l tartott el\u0151ad\u00e1st a k\u00f6z\u00e9p- \u00e9s kelet-eur\u00f3pai \u00fajs\u00e1g\u00edr\u00f3knak. Azzal ind\u00edtott, hogy a k\u00ednai gondolkod\u00e1s m\u00e9ly\u00e9n \u0151si b\u00f6lcsess\u00e9g h\u00faz\u00f3dik: \u201eAki tervez, sikerrel j\u00e1r; aki nem, elbukik.\u201d A K\u00ednai N\u00e9pk\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g megalakul\u00e1sa ut\u00e1n, 1953-ban indult el az az \u00e1tfog\u00f3 gazdas\u00e1g- \u00e9s t\u00e1rsadalomtervez\u00e9s, amely m\u00e1ra a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1563,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"format":"standard"},"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_override_bookmark_settings":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[2454],"tags":[47,108,751,334,883,882,884,420],"class_list":["post-1560","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kategoria-nelkuli-hu","tag-kina","tag-kornyezetvedelem","tag-kutatas-fejlesztes","tag-nemzetgazdasag","tag-piacgazdasag","tag-tervgazdasag","tag-urbanizacio","tag-zold-technologia"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ujvilagtrend.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1560","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ujvilagtrend.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ujvilagtrend.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ujvilagtrend.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ujvilagtrend.hu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1560"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ujvilagtrend.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1560\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1562,"href":"https:\/\/ujvilagtrend.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1560\/revisions\/1562"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ujvilagtrend.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1563"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ujvilagtrend.hu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1560"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ujvilagtrend.hu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1560"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ujvilagtrend.hu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1560"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}